What Are the SharePoint Execution Models?
In terms of execution models, there are two principal types of solution in SharePoint 2010:
farm solutions and sandboxed solutions.
Within each type of solution, there are various execution models available to you.
Farm solutions can include components that run in a full-trust environment or components that run under code access security policy restrictions.
Sandboxed solutions can include components that run entirely within the sandbox environment as well as hybrid approaches that can include various full-trust components. This topic introduces these execution models and describes the key concepts behind each approach.
What is sand box solution and how it differs from farm solution:
The Sandbox Solution framework provides a mechanism for executing user-provided code outside of the IIS worker process. The Sandbox Solution framework should not be used as a mechanism for enforcing security boundaries when executing user code. Sandbox Solutions are not supported as a security boundary with user code, especially code of unknown origin. We advise against executing Sandbox Solutions of unknown origins.
A Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 solution is a deployable, reusable package that can contain features, site definitions, and other functionality. Solutions can be enabled or disabled individually. You can deploy a solution directly onto your SharePoint Server farm, or you can deploy the solution into a sandbox. A sandbox is a restricted execution environment that enables programs to access only certain resources, and that keeps problems that occur in the sandbox from affecting the rest of the server environment. Solutions that you deploy into a sandbox, which are known as sandboxed solutions, cannot use certain computer and network resources, and cannot access content outside the site collection they are deployed in.
Because sandboxed solutions cannot affect the whole server farm, they do not have to be deployed by a farm administrator. Sandboxed solutions can be deployed by a site collection administrator or, in certain situations, by a user who has the Full Control permission level at the root of the site collection. However, only a farm administrator can configure sandboxed solutions–related settings such as load balancing, tiers, quotas and resource points, and only a farm administrator can promote a sandboxed solution to run directly on the farm, outside the sandboxed environment.
For more reading on sandbox solution and difference between sand box and farm solution use bellow link:
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